Report

Dynamic and static ex situ conservation: minimum requirements, data standards and indicators for monitoring

Published 23 June 2026 DOI https://doi.org/10.36333/rs17

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Timm Stein / Pexels

The conservation of forest genetic resources (FGR) plays a key role in maintaining the long-term sustainability and resilience of European forests. Today, however, natural populations face increasing pressure from pests, diseases, wildfires, floods, habitat loss, and climate change. While in situ conservation continues to be the main approach for preserving genetic diversity over time, ex situ measures can provide an important complement when needed. These approaches, whether dynamic or static, help protect genetic resources within or outside their natural ranges and offer additional support in the face of rapid environmental change.

This report was prepared by two EUFORGEN Working Groups, following the mandates of the EUFORGEN Steering Committee. It sets out a practical framework for ex situ conservation across Europe. It clarifies key terminology, outlines minimum requirements and data standards, and proposes a set of useful indicators. It also offers guidance for both dynamic and static approaches, while showcasing the wide range of practices already in use, from living collections and seed orchards to long-term storage such as cryopreserved germplasm. In addition, it introduces new terminology for genetic conservation units that may be at risk.

Aimed at a broad range of stakeholders, such as policymakers, forest managers, researchers, and technical staff, the report seeks to support more consistent and collaborative approaches to conservation. Putting forward shared definitions, indicators, and guiding principles helps move towards a more coherent European system for ex situ conservation, working alongside in situ efforts and supporting future integration with EUFGIS and other related initiatives.

EUFORGEN is hosted by the European Forest Institute.