Purpose of Review
While 38% of tree species are at risk of extinction worldwide, their inventory and occurrence at ecologically and biogeographically meaningful scales is lacking in many parts of the world, including the biodiversity-rich Mediterranean region. Here, we provide presence/absence, extinction risk, biogeography and genetic diversity data of trees in 39 climatically and ecologically Mediterranean territories (so-called “botanical territories”) in North Africa, Western Asia and Southern Europe.
Recent Findings
The inventory includes 496 species and 147 subspecies from 50 families and 111 genera, including 48 species and 8 subspecies previously not considered as trees. We show that native tree species distribution is highly skewed across the tree of life with a few species-rich families such as the Rosaceae and the majority with less than 1% of all species. Endemism was not evenly distributed among botanical territories and neither was extinction risk, an assessment of which was lacking in almost half of the species. While no geographic trends were detectable, species richness was found to be positively correlated with botanical territory area and, when standardized by area, with habitat heterogeneity. Information on genetic diversity was lacking in two thirds of the species inventoried and mostly focused on species with economic importance.
Summary
Our data are open access and can be used by researchers and stakeholders for a wide range of purposes, including conservation and restoration. Our findings identified major native tree richness hotspots as well as key knowledge gaps and biases related to extinction risk and genetic diversity. Our findings also emphasize the importance of increased collaboration to support the conservation of Mediterranean forest trees.
Citation
Fady B., Farsakoglou AM., Caron M. et al. (2025). Native trees of the Mediterranean region: distribution, diversity and conservation challenges. Current Forestry Reports, DOI : 10.1007/s40725-025-00252-w
Full list of authors: Bruno Fady, Anna-Maria Farsakoglou, Mercedes Caron, Khaled Abulaila, Jelena Aleksic, Sajad Alipour, Dalibor Balian, Heba Bedair, Faruk Bogunić, Marwan Cheikh Albassatneh, Rakefet David-Schwartz, Carmen Delgado Clavero, Ali A. Dönmez, Mohamed Fennane, Gildas Gateble, Thierry Gauquelin, Malika Hachi Illoul, Abelhamid Khaldi, Ilène Mahfoud-Saad, Frédéric Médail, Faten Mezni, Jotyar Jassim Muhammed, Bart Muys, Marko Perovic, Manam Saaed, Alexey P. Seregin, Jean Stephan, Errol Vela, Petar Zhelev & Magda Bou Dagher Karrat.