Deadwood is a key indicator for assessing policy and management impacts on forest biodiversity. The authors of the study developed an approach to include deadwood in the large-scale European Forest
This article primary focuses on analyzing the quantitative contributions of oak-pistachio tree savannas to rural household incomes in Malekshahi County, Ilam Province, considering both cash and
In diffuse forest uses, like non-timber forest products' harvesting, the behavioural alignment of pickers is crucial for avoiding a “tragedy of the commons”. Moreover, the introduction of policy tools
Agricultural land abandonment is a policy challenge, especially for areas with unfavorable conditions for agriculture and remote and mountainous areas. Agricultural abandonment is an important land
