Abstract
Mental health benefits associated with urban nature exposure have gained significant research attention. This study explored the relationships between self-reported stress levels in Florida (US) residents aged 45 and older and sociodemographic, behavioral, and environmental predictors related to urban forest access. Specifically, we used the 3–30–300 rule as a contextual framework which states that all urban residents should have at least three trees visible from their home, 30% neighborhood canopy cover, and one green space for recreation within 300 meters of their home. Sociodemographic factors such as age and income significantly influenced stress, with older individuals and those who are financially comfortable reporting lower stress levels. Environmental variables, such as tree canopy cover and the number of trees near residences were not significantly associated with stress. However, the frequency of green space visits demonstrated a significant impact. Daily time spent in natural areas significantly reduced stress, with weekly visits also linked to lower stress levels, whereas infrequent visits, such as only a few times a year, were associated with higher stress, underscoring the importance of regular interaction with nature. These findings suggest that the frequency of green space visits may play a more critical role in stress reduction than the mere presence of urban greenery, at least in the context of Florida residents aged 45 and older using self-reported measures of tree exposure and stress levels. Policymakers and urban planners should prioritize enhancing access to high-quality, safe, and engaging green spaces to promote mental health. Future research should investigate the mechanisms driving these relationships and evaluate the long-term impacts of green space engagement on well-being.
Citation
Christy Cecilia Veronica Suhendy, Andrew K. Koeser, Ryan W. Klein, Laura Warner, Matilda van den Bosch, Gail Hansen,The influence of urban forest on stress levels among adults aged 45 and older: An environmental and socioeconomic analysis in Florida, US,Trees, Forests and People, 23, 2026,101118, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101118