A solid and holistic understanding of the different roles forests play is necessary to be able to design policies that help to maximize synergies and minimize trade-offs between the different forest
Traditional forest management, focused on the maximization of continuous wood production, has brought the reduction of structural heterogeneity, deadwood volume and microhabitat availability, and as a
‘Tree – tree’ interactions are important structuring mechanisms for forest community dynamics. Forest management takes advantage of competition effects on tree growth by removing or retaining trees to
