Ecosystem services

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Abstract Forests supply multiple ecosystem services, categorized into provisioning (e.g. wood), regulating (e.g. climate change mitigation, biodiversity protection) and cultural (e.g. recreation)
Ecosystem services
Policy
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Abstract Grasslands are key for food security and provide important ecosystem services. Intensive management, such as frequent mowing, increases productivity but decreases other ecosystem services as
Biodiversity
Ecosystem services
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Purpose of Review Agroforestry and urban forestry have evolved mainly as separate disciplines, although they share a long history of tree cultivation in man-made environments. Here, we review their
Agroforestry
Climate change
Ecosystem services
Governance
Urban forests